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本文对全球汽车产业在宏观层面的范式转移和日本汽车制造商在微观层面的前沿动态进行了较为深入地分析。首先,从范式转移与工业革命的角度出发,作者试图重新解析现代历史上的汽车生产的商业化与产业化过程。在此基础上,以日本汽车产业近年来所经历的新冲击为例进行案例研究。这里的新冲击是指:一、"向电动车转型"所带来的产业结构改革的浪潮;二、新浪潮对日本传统汽车产业带来的具体影响:雷诺-日产-三菱汽车联盟前首席执行官卡洛斯·戈恩的政治避难事件。基于上述的研究框架,文章首先简要探讨汽车产业的发展历程与传统范式的转型经验,进而研究上述新冲击的巨大影响及其与日本汽车产业转型的关联性,最后得出本研究的核心结论:在第七次汽车范式的转移过程中,日本汽车产业正在面临着在全球市场上其竞争优势大幅减弱的严重危机。
Abstract：This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the paradigm shift of the global automobile industry at the macro level and the frontier dynamics of Japanese automobile manufacturers at the micro level. Firstly, from the perspective of paradigm shift and industrial revolution, the author attempts to re-analyze the commercialization and industrialization process of automobile production in modern history. On this basis, this paper takes the new impact experienced by the Japanese automobile industry in recent years as an example.The new impact here refers to:(1) the wave of industrial structure reform brought by the "transformation to electric vehicles", and(2) the specific impact of the new wave on Japan's traditional automobile industry: the political asylum incident of Carlos Ghosn, former CEO of Renault Nissan Mitsubishi automobile alliance. Based on the above research framework, this paper first briefly discusses the development process of automobile industry and the transformation experience of traditional paradigm, then studies the great impact of the above new impact and its relationship with the transformation of Japanese automobile industry, and finally comes to the core conclusion of this study: in the process of the seventh automobile paradigm transformation, Japan's automobile industry is facing a serious crisis in which its competitive advantage is greatly weakened in the global market.
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(1)这里，“CASE”意味着对当代汽车产业最为核心的技术转型趋势，分别指“连接性”（Connected）、“无人驾驶”（Autonomous）、“汽车共有”（Shared）、“电动化”（Electric）。
(1) 2010年日产汽车在日本首次推出了名为“Leaf”的第一款电动汽车，而2014年12月丰田开始销售名为“未来”（Mirai）的第一款燃料电池汽车(Fuel Cell Vehicle，简称FCV)。但这还算不上是主力部门。
(1)例如，日产汽车的销售中只有不到20%是面向国内市场的，其余的都在海外。这些数字显示了公司对全球扩张的重视程度。
(1) 2019年12月末戈恩离日之后，日产汽车与R-N-M联盟的问题迅速扩展到在“企业-产业-国家”层面，严重程度空前提高。当我们研究日本汽车产业和全球汽车产业中正在发生的根本性变化时，如果将之视为首席执行官个人的问题或者个别企业里所发生的偶然性事件，将难免发生严重的偏差或者误导。
基本信息:
DOI：10.16496/j.cnki.rbyj.2021.04.003
中图分类号:F416.471
引用信息:
[1]金载勋,平井新.国际范式转移中的日本汽车产业——新冲击下的产业转型[J].日本研究,2021,No.179(04):19-32.DOI:10.16496/j.cnki.rbyj.2021.04.003.
2021-12-20
2021-12-20